Introduction
This book is for people who need to give oral presentations in English. It is written in English and has section titles and short summaries of the main points in Japanese.The contents can be used in most fields and situations.My intention has been to provide a highly practical guide with numerous examples.I have attempted to make the material as accessible as possible and have avoided long explanations.
This book covers the following topics: starting a presentation,using informal English that is suitable for an oral presentation,simple ways of improving slides,improving clarity in the main body of the presentation,finishing your presentation,and creating clear summary slides and an audience-friendly script.
I would stress that readers should not feel they have to use all of the advice and examples in this book.It is necessary to be selective and choose the material that fits your presentation.I hope that readers of this book will find the contents useful and be able to improve their presentations.
Acknowledgments
Thanks are due to my colleagues at the Journal of Oral Science,particularly Professor N.Koshikawa,Editor in Chief,who has shown an interest in my work.I am indebted to Dr.Noriko Yamaguchi of the Institute of Agro-environmental Sciences for allowing access to presentation material.I also wish to acknowledge my colleague and friend,Brian Purdue of Tsukuba University,who has been a constant source of inspiration.Additionally,I have received support and advice from Michio Tajima and Minoru Hirata at Nihon University School of Dentistry.Finally,I wish to acknowledge the participants on presentation skills programs at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology,and Tsukuba Center for Institutes.
Clive Langham
Nihon University
School of Dentistry
Ochanomizu,Tokyo
December 1st,2019
This book is for people who need to give oral presentations in English. It is written in English and has section titles and short summaries of the main points in Japanese.The contents can be used in most fields and situations.My intention has been to provide a highly practical guide with numerous examples.I have attempted to make the material as accessible as possible and have avoided long explanations.
This book covers the following topics: starting a presentation,using informal English that is suitable for an oral presentation,simple ways of improving slides,improving clarity in the main body of the presentation,finishing your presentation,and creating clear summary slides and an audience-friendly script.
I would stress that readers should not feel they have to use all of the advice and examples in this book.It is necessary to be selective and choose the material that fits your presentation.I hope that readers of this book will find the contents useful and be able to improve their presentations.
Acknowledgments
Thanks are due to my colleagues at the Journal of Oral Science,particularly Professor N.Koshikawa,Editor in Chief,who has shown an interest in my work.I am indebted to Dr.Noriko Yamaguchi of the Institute of Agro-environmental Sciences for allowing access to presentation material.I also wish to acknowledge my colleague and friend,Brian Purdue of Tsukuba University,who has been a constant source of inspiration.Additionally,I have received support and advice from Michio Tajima and Minoru Hirata at Nihon University School of Dentistry.Finally,I wish to acknowledge the participants on presentation skills programs at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology,and Tsukuba Center for Institutes.
Clive Langham
Nihon University
School of Dentistry
Ochanomizu,Tokyo
December 1st,2019
Part1 Starting
発表の始め方
自己紹介の仕方,発表テーマや概略の説明の仕方など,発表を始める際によく使われる表現と例文を紹介します.
1 Thank the Chairperson
座長へのお礼の挨拶
2 State your name and affiliation
名前と所属を述べる
3 Handling the title of your presentation
タイトルを紹介する
4 Using an overview slide to introduce the structure and contents of your presentation
目次スライドを活用して発表の構成を示す
5 How to introduce an overview slide using the words first,next,then,after that,in part3,in the next part/section,finally,lastly
目次スライドの紹介に用いる接続表現
6 How to introduce an overview slide
目次スライドを紹介する
7 How to show the title,your name,affiliation,and an overview of the contents on one slide
タイトル,名前・所属,目次を1枚のスライドで紹介する
8 Starting without an overview slide:a short overview that provides a snapshot of the topic
目次スライドを使わずに発表を始める
9 Introduce the background
研究背景を紹介する
10 How to start a presentation as an invited speaker
招待講演の始め方
11 Useful sentences for:Thanking the audience for coming,Making informal opening comments,Giving a series of talks,Comments when you present after a wellknown presenter,Dealing with technical problems
便利な表現集
Part2 Using informal,spoken English to simplify and shorten the main body
話し言葉の英語を活用して簡潔な原稿を作成する方法
論文調の書き言葉の英語を,口頭発表に適した話し言葉の英語に変換する方法を紹介します.
1 How to reduce the level of formality in your presentation
書き言葉の英語を話し言葉の英語に変換する方法
Part3 Simple ways to improve your slides
スライド改善のポイント
スライド作成の際に注意したい,文法や英語表現に関する11のポイントを紹介します.
1 Number your slides
スライドに番号をつけよう
2 A space is needed between a number and a word
数字・記号と単語の間にはスペースが必要
3 Use the slide title box to show the section
スライドの最上部のスペースを上手に活用しよう
4 Use of the definite article the in slide titles
スライドタイトル中の定冠詞theの使い方に注意しよう
5 Using contractions on slides:These samples aren't biodegradable
スライドでは短縮形を使わないようにしよう
6 Slide title:Singular or plural?'s' or no's'?
スライドタイトルは単数形?それとも複数形?
7 The word of can be a problem
前置詞ofの使い方に注意しよう
8 Avoid using the words my or our in slides
スライドではmyやourを用いるのはやめよう
9 Exclamation marks are not used in academic presentations or written papers
エクスクラメーションマークは学会発表では使用しない
10 Problems with question marks:Is this a statement or a question?
クエスチョンマークの誤用に注意しよう
11 Summary sentences at the bottom of slides:How to reduce the number of words
スライド下部に簡単なまとめを入れよう
Part4 How to improve the clarity of the main body
本論を分かりやすく伝える方法
論理展開を示す表現,スライド内の情報を説明する表現など,本論(main body)の説明に必要な表現と例文を紹介します.
1 Starting a new topic,section
新しい話題/セクションを始める
2 Explaining what is on a slide
スライド内の情報を説明する
3 How to use the word mean
動詞meanの正しい使い方
4 Useful expressions for explaining technical terms:by X,I mean,what do I mean by X?,in other words,X is defined as,I'm going to refer to X as Y
専門用語を説明する
5 Simplifying and rephrasing the information you present
情報を単純化して伝える/平易な表現に言い換える
6 Giving an estimate using the words about,approximately,in the region of,typical,typically,basically
詳細には触れず,おおまかな数値/一般論を述べる
7 Skipping information and focusing on the main points
要点の説明に絞り,一部の説明を省略する
8 How to help the audience follow your presentation by using forward movement,backward movement,and reminders
次に話す内容を予告する/前に話した内容を振り返る
9 Focusing on information on the slide
スライドのどこに注目してほしいかを示す
10 Focusing on results
結果と考察を説明する
11 Introducing references
参考文献を示す/結果を先行研究と比較する
12 Summarizing at 3 levels:one slide,several slides,a section
発表の途中にまとめを挟む:スライド1枚のまとめ,スライド数枚分のまとめ,セクションのまとめ
13 From data to explanation and implications
結果を考察する:結果が何を意味しているか/どのような意義をもつか
14 Introducing and explaining a video clip
動画を再生する
15 Time management,correcting yourself,correcting an error on a slide
発表時間の管理/発言内容とスライド内容の訂正
16 How to use the expressions stand for and is short for to introduce an acronym
アクロニム(頭字語)を説明する
17 Giving examples using such as,for example,for instance
具体例を挙げて説明する
18 Explaining a process using the words first,next,after that,then
手順を説明する
Part5 Finishing your presentation
発表の終わり方
発表の終わり方の流れを16のステップに分けて紹介します.
1 Starting the summary:Steps1-5
まとめを始める:ステップ1〜5
2 Introduce the findings,implications,and future work:Steps6-11
研究結果のポイントや聴衆へのメッセージを述べる:ステップ6〜11
3 Finishing the presentation:Steps12-16
発表を終える:ステップ12〜16
Part6 How to create a clear summary slide and an audience-friendly script
分かりやすいまとめスライドの作り方,説明の仕方
簡潔で見やすいまとめスライド(summary slide)を作成する方法と,まとめスライドを説明する際の原稿作成のポイントを解説します.
1 Summary slide example 1
まとめスライドの改善例(1)
2 Summary slide example 2
まとめスライドの改善例(2)
Columns
#01 The word my is frequently misused
Myの誤用に注意しよう
#02 I'll just run through/go over the main points
Run through,go overを上手に使おう
#03 A summary-box and mini-summary can help the audience follow your presentation
Summary-boxとmini-summaryを活用しよう
#04 Is it okay to read from the text on your computer?
口頭発表で原稿を読み上げるのは問題か?
発表の始め方
自己紹介の仕方,発表テーマや概略の説明の仕方など,発表を始める際によく使われる表現と例文を紹介します.
1 Thank the Chairperson
座長へのお礼の挨拶
2 State your name and affiliation
名前と所属を述べる
3 Handling the title of your presentation
タイトルを紹介する
4 Using an overview slide to introduce the structure and contents of your presentation
目次スライドを活用して発表の構成を示す
5 How to introduce an overview slide using the words first,next,then,after that,in part3,in the next part/section,finally,lastly
目次スライドの紹介に用いる接続表現
6 How to introduce an overview slide
目次スライドを紹介する
7 How to show the title,your name,affiliation,and an overview of the contents on one slide
タイトル,名前・所属,目次を1枚のスライドで紹介する
8 Starting without an overview slide:a short overview that provides a snapshot of the topic
目次スライドを使わずに発表を始める
9 Introduce the background
研究背景を紹介する
10 How to start a presentation as an invited speaker
招待講演の始め方
11 Useful sentences for:Thanking the audience for coming,Making informal opening comments,Giving a series of talks,Comments when you present after a wellknown presenter,Dealing with technical problems
便利な表現集
Part2 Using informal,spoken English to simplify and shorten the main body
話し言葉の英語を活用して簡潔な原稿を作成する方法
論文調の書き言葉の英語を,口頭発表に適した話し言葉の英語に変換する方法を紹介します.
1 How to reduce the level of formality in your presentation
書き言葉の英語を話し言葉の英語に変換する方法
Part3 Simple ways to improve your slides
スライド改善のポイント
スライド作成の際に注意したい,文法や英語表現に関する11のポイントを紹介します.
1 Number your slides
スライドに番号をつけよう
2 A space is needed between a number and a word
数字・記号と単語の間にはスペースが必要
3 Use the slide title box to show the section
スライドの最上部のスペースを上手に活用しよう
4 Use of the definite article the in slide titles
スライドタイトル中の定冠詞theの使い方に注意しよう
5 Using contractions on slides:These samples aren't biodegradable
スライドでは短縮形を使わないようにしよう
6 Slide title:Singular or plural?'s' or no's'?
スライドタイトルは単数形?それとも複数形?
7 The word of can be a problem
前置詞ofの使い方に注意しよう
8 Avoid using the words my or our in slides
スライドではmyやourを用いるのはやめよう
9 Exclamation marks are not used in academic presentations or written papers
エクスクラメーションマークは学会発表では使用しない
10 Problems with question marks:Is this a statement or a question?
クエスチョンマークの誤用に注意しよう
11 Summary sentences at the bottom of slides:How to reduce the number of words
スライド下部に簡単なまとめを入れよう
Part4 How to improve the clarity of the main body
本論を分かりやすく伝える方法
論理展開を示す表現,スライド内の情報を説明する表現など,本論(main body)の説明に必要な表現と例文を紹介します.
1 Starting a new topic,section
新しい話題/セクションを始める
2 Explaining what is on a slide
スライド内の情報を説明する
3 How to use the word mean
動詞meanの正しい使い方
4 Useful expressions for explaining technical terms:by X,I mean,what do I mean by X?,in other words,X is defined as,I'm going to refer to X as Y
専門用語を説明する
5 Simplifying and rephrasing the information you present
情報を単純化して伝える/平易な表現に言い換える
6 Giving an estimate using the words about,approximately,in the region of,typical,typically,basically
詳細には触れず,おおまかな数値/一般論を述べる
7 Skipping information and focusing on the main points
要点の説明に絞り,一部の説明を省略する
8 How to help the audience follow your presentation by using forward movement,backward movement,and reminders
次に話す内容を予告する/前に話した内容を振り返る
9 Focusing on information on the slide
スライドのどこに注目してほしいかを示す
10 Focusing on results
結果と考察を説明する
11 Introducing references
参考文献を示す/結果を先行研究と比較する
12 Summarizing at 3 levels:one slide,several slides,a section
発表の途中にまとめを挟む:スライド1枚のまとめ,スライド数枚分のまとめ,セクションのまとめ
13 From data to explanation and implications
結果を考察する:結果が何を意味しているか/どのような意義をもつか
14 Introducing and explaining a video clip
動画を再生する
15 Time management,correcting yourself,correcting an error on a slide
発表時間の管理/発言内容とスライド内容の訂正
16 How to use the expressions stand for and is short for to introduce an acronym
アクロニム(頭字語)を説明する
17 Giving examples using such as,for example,for instance
具体例を挙げて説明する
18 Explaining a process using the words first,next,after that,then
手順を説明する
Part5 Finishing your presentation
発表の終わり方
発表の終わり方の流れを16のステップに分けて紹介します.
1 Starting the summary:Steps1-5
まとめを始める:ステップ1〜5
2 Introduce the findings,implications,and future work:Steps6-11
研究結果のポイントや聴衆へのメッセージを述べる:ステップ6〜11
3 Finishing the presentation:Steps12-16
発表を終える:ステップ12〜16
Part6 How to create a clear summary slide and an audience-friendly script
分かりやすいまとめスライドの作り方,説明の仕方
簡潔で見やすいまとめスライド(summary slide)を作成する方法と,まとめスライドを説明する際の原稿作成のポイントを解説します.
1 Summary slide example 1
まとめスライドの改善例(1)
2 Summary slide example 2
まとめスライドの改善例(2)
Columns
#01 The word my is frequently misused
Myの誤用に注意しよう
#02 I'll just run through/go over the main points
Run through,go overを上手に使おう
#03 A summary-box and mini-summary can help the audience follow your presentation
Summary-boxとmini-summaryを活用しよう
#04 Is it okay to read from the text on your computer?
口頭発表で原稿を読み上げるのは問題か?